だけ

だけ sits on a positive sentence and states the limit flatly (千円せんえんだけある). しか demands a negative one and reads as a complaint (千円せんえんしかない).

Both translate "only", but だけ marks an exhaustive limit. ばかり marks lopsided repetition that tolerates exceptions (パンだけ食たべた closes the list, パンばかり食たべている scolds a habit).

だけ draws the boundary and stops there (見みるだけだ). でも makes that minimum enough for a result (見みるだけでも楽たのしい), ×見みるだけでも赤あかい has no result.

だけ works with yes or no sentences (五百円ごひゃくえんだけ持もっている). だけしか must be negative, and sounds like a small amount.

だけ states the limit flatly, in any tone (言いい訳わけだけ counts as one). でしかない always reads as a verdict, never neutral (言いい訳わけでしかない condemns).

だけ is plain "only," and takes any noun or verb (水みずだけ, 見みるだけ). きり needs a count, and adds a point (二人ふたりきり says nobody else is there).

だけ is the everyday word, used everywhere (これだけでいい). のみ is its written form, for notices and contracts (会員かいいんのみ).

だけ draws the boundary, and can stay perfectly neutral about it. ただ in front makes the amount sound small, like an excuse (ただ見みているだけだ).

だけ closes the set down to exactly N (彼かれだけ来きた "only he came"). 以外いがい flips the boundary and puts everything but N into play (彼かれ以外いがいはみんな来きた "everyone but him came").

The same だけ, but あって turns a limit into a verdict, 好すきなだけ働はたらく caps an amount. 経験けいけんがあるだけあって仕事しごとが速はやい reasons from the experience instead, hearing "only" here misses the point.

だけでなく points opposite だけ, bare だけ closes a set to N (学生がくせいだけ excludes others). だけでなく opens it to at least one more (学生がくせいだけでなく社会しゃかい人じんも招まねく).

だけ alone just limits a quantity ("only X"). だけましだ fuses だけ＋まし into one idiom, splitting it back loses the comparison.

The same だけ, and に flips the reading, 好すきなだけ食たべる limits an amount ("eat as much as you like"). 好すきなだけに reasons from the extent instead ("precisely because he likes it").