または details

Examples

or — two candidates are listed and either one satisfies the requirement

支払しはらいは現金げんきんまたはカードでお願ねがいします。

shiharai wa genkin matawa kaado de onegai shimasu.

Payment is by cash or card, please. neutral

申込書もうしこみしょは郵送ゆうそうまたは窓口まどぐちでご提出ていしゅつください。

moushikomisho wa yuusou matawa madoguchi de go teishutsu kudasai.

Please submit the application form by post or in person at the counter. formal

参加費さんかひは当日とうじつ、または事前じぜんの振ふり込こみでお支払しはらいいただけます。

sankahi wa toujitsu, matawa jizen no furikomi de o shiharai itadakemasu.

The participation fee may be paid on the day, or by bank transfer in advance. formal

Neither side is preferred: または only says one of the two is enough. To ask
the listener which one they want, the question form is それとも.

それとも
または states that either option will do and needs no answer from anyone, so it fills forms and instructions (鉛筆えんぴつまたは黒くろのペンでご記入きにゅうください); それとも hands the choice to the listener and only works between questions, which is why または cannot end a sentence with か and それとも cannot stand in a printed instruction.
あるいは
The same "either will do", one register apart — または is the neutral written default and the one a form or a notice uses, while あるいは carries an essayistic tone and can additionally soften into "possibly" (あるいは間まに合あうかもしれない), a reading または never has.
や
や lists two or more items that are ALL there and hints at others besides (パンや卵たまごを買かった — both bought); または lists items only one of which applies, so it can never be followed by a plural predicate about the whole list.

また
One kana apart — また counts a repeat of the same event (また failed = it happened again), または offers a choice between two things; a sentence-initial また、 also adds a further point, which is the opposite job from picking one of two.