← back to にかかわらず

にかかわらず details

にかかわらず

regardless of; irrespective of — the outcome is the same whatever value X takes

天候てんこうにかかわらず、大会たいかい予定よていどおりおこなわれます。

tenkou ni kakawarazu, taikai wa yoteidoori okonawaremasu.

The tournament will be held as scheduled regardless of the weather. neutral

参加さんかするかどうかにかかわらず、金曜きんようまでに返信へんしんをおねがいします。

sanka suru ka dou ka ni kakawarazu, kin'you made ni henshin o onegai shimasu.

Please reply by Friday whether or not you are taking part. neutral

  • alternant

Examples

regardless of X — X names a variable, and the claim holds across every value it could take

天候てんこうにかかわらず、大会たいかい予定よていどおりおこなわれます。

tenkou ni kakawarazu, taikai wa yoteidoori okonawaremasu.

The tournament will be held as scheduled regardless of the weather. neutral

参加さんかするかどうかにかかわらず、金曜きんようまでに返信へんしんをおねがいします。

sanka suru ka dou ka ni kakawarazu, kin'you made ni henshin o onegai shimasu.

Please reply by Friday whether or not you are taking part. neutral

サイズがわないにかかわらず、返品へんぴんはできないんだって。

saizu ga au awanai ni kakawarazu, henpin wa dekinai n datte.

Apparently you can't return it whether or not the size fits. casual

経験けいけん有無うむにかかわらず、どなたでもご応募おうぼいただけます。

keiken no umu ni kakawarazu, donata demo go oubo itadakemasu.

Anyone may apply, whether or not they have experience. formal

Formation

Variant notes

Notes

The noun has to name a range, not an instance — a dimension (天候てんこう,
年齢ねんれい) or a two-sided pair (男女だんじょ, 昼夜ちゅうや). A verb or
i-adjective needs its own opposite beside it (かない,
たかやすい) or a かどうか wrapper.

Related patterns

Similar

  • を問わず is 問う with a を-object, so the noun must be something that could be ASKED about — an attribute or criterion (年齢ねんれい経験けいけん国籍こくせき) — and it takes a bare opposite pair only wrapped in か (くかかないかをわず), where にかかわらず takes the pair juxtaposed and unwrapped (かないにかかわらず).

  • にかかわらず is an impersonal claim that a variable does not move an outcome and needs no agent at all (天候てんこうにかかわらず開催かいさいする); もかまわず requires a human who noticed the obstacle and went on anyway, which is why it always carries the speaker's verdict on that person and にかかわらず carries none.

  • にかかわらず says the variable's value does not move the outcome, and stands on its own; はともかく DEFERS X as a matter still to be settled and demands a contrasting Y to be the point instead (あじはともかく、値段ねだんたかい) — strip the second clause away and はともかく has nothing left to do.

Lookalikes

  • One も apart and not interchangeable — にかかわらず takes a still-open VARIABLE and says its value changes nothing, while にもかかわらず takes an ESTABLISHED fact and says the expected consequence failed to follow; the test is the SHAPE in front, not the tense — にかかわらず needs a dimension noun, a paired Vる/Vない, or かどうか, so a single asserted clause of any tense must take も (×努力どりょくしたにかかわらず/○努力どりょくしたにもかかわらず).

Same meaning

regardless of; it makes no difference

PatternAttaches to
もかまわず
にしろ〜にしろ
にもかかわらず
を問わず
はともかく