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ことなく details

write + without ever doing X — a written-register span across which X never once occurred

kaku koto naku

without ever doing X — a written-register span across which X never once occurred

meaning: without ever writing

かれ一度いちど諦めるあきらめることなく挑戦ちょうせんつづけた。

kare wa ichido mo akirameru koto naku, chousen shitsuzuketa.

He kept up his challenge, without ever giving up even once. neutral

彼女かのじょだれにもたよることなく、一人ひとりでその困難こんなんえた。

kanojo wa dare ni mo tayoru koto naku, hitori de sono konnan o norikoeta.

She overcame that hardship alone, without ever relying on anyone. formal

Examples

without ever doing X — a written frame spanning an entire stretch across which the act never once occurred

かれ一度いちどあきらめることなく、挑戦ちょうせんつづけた。

kare wa ichido mo akiramerukotonaku, chousen shitsuzuketa.

He kept up his challenge, without ever giving up even once. neutral

彼女かのじょだれにもたよることなく、一人ひとりでその困難こんなんえた。

kanojo wa dare ni mo tayoru koto naku, hitori de sono konnan o norikoeta.

She overcame that hardship alone, without ever relying on anyone. formal

会議かいぎとく問題もんだいきることなくわった。

kaigi wa toku ni mondai ga okiru koto naku owatta.

The meeting ended without any problems ever arising. neutral

Formation

Related patterns

Similar

  • Both are the written register's "without doing", but ことなく frames an entire SPAN across which the act never once occurred — often paired with 一度も — while ずに is the plain written substitute for ないで with no durational claim at all.

  • ないで is the everyday spoken default for "without doing" and attaches as a simple manner adjunct; ことなく never occurs in speech, reads stiff even in writing if overused, and typically frames the whole sentence's outcome rather than one small manner detail.

Same meaning

without doing

PatternAttaches to
ないで
ずに