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to; toward — points a movement at where it is headed

この電車でんしゃ空港くうこうきますか。

kono densha wa kuukou e ikimasu ka.

Does this train go to the airport? neutral

かあさんへ、いつもありがとう。

okaasan e, itsumo arigatou.

To Mum — thank you for everything. casual

  • adnominal

Examples

direction — へ aims the movement at a goal without claiming it was reached

この電車でんしゃ空港くうこうきますか。

kono densha wa kuukou e ikimasu ka.

Does this train go to the airport? neutral

そろそろ会場かいじょうかおうか。

sorosoro kaijou e mukaou ka.

Shall we head for the venue soon? casual

くわしい資料しりょうはのちほどご自宅じたくへおおくりいたします。

kuwashii shiryou wa nochihodo go jitaku e o okuri itashimasu.

We will send the detailed materials to your home address later. formal

the addressee — へ heads a letter, a parcel or a dedication with the person it is meant for

かあさんへ、いつもありがとう。

okaasan e, itsumo arigatou.

To Mum — thank you for everything. casual

Formation

Variant notes

Notes

Written へ but read え, the way は in the same slot is read わ and を is read お.

Related patterns

Similar

  • Interchangeable on a verb of motion or transfer — 京都きょうとく and 京都きょうとく are both ordinary — because へ names the direction taken and に the point reached; where に names a point, a time or the second argument a verb requires, へ is out (三時さんじに, 先生せんせいう, いえにいる), and even arrival leans に (えきく).

  • かって marks orientation with no motion at all, which bare へ cannot — まどかってすわる is ordinary where ×まどすわる is not, so a verb that only faces a direction rules out the bare particle.